Ethics and Deontology in Public Administration †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Deontology in Public Administration. Answer: Introduction: In the paragraph starting with the conflict illustrated, the difference between the two ethical system of utilitarianism and deontology is demonstrated. There is a given instance where a villain keeps ten people at gunpoint and gives the option that either one of the ten people can kill one from the group or he will kill all the ten. A utilitarian would come to a conclusion that it is better to kill one person out of the ten because it will benefit the other nine people. On the contrary, the deontologists say that killing a people is morally inappropriate and against the ethics. The arguments that utilitarian has against deontology are that it is an ethical system assigned to the philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. According to them the morally ethical things are done to increase happiness in the society. They believe in the prediction of outcomes and that actions are judged on the basis f outcomes. They are sometimes related to the phrase, the ends justify the means. Deontology contradicts utilitarian as it is assigned to the philosopher Immanuel Kant. Deontology, unlike utilitarian, focuses that the actions must be morally ethical. They believe that there are certain universally acclaimed ethical norms. There might be some actions which can be considered as immoral in spite of their outcomes. It is the nature of human beings to judge the appropriateness of their actions based on rationale, as mentioned by Kant. The phrase, the means must justify the needs, classify the deontologists. Ethical analysis using an integrated approach Cyber Stuff Company has hired Max Consulting, a consulting business company of Max, to analyze bids from different software developer and select the appropriate one. Max selected the bid written by his wife who works in Networksx as a bidding software developer. Max is in a dilemma if he should disclose the fact to Cyber Stuff that the selected bid is written by his wife as he is not sure about the resulting impact. The relevant facts are- Max has a small consulting business company. He got hired by a company to select the correct bid. He chose the bid written by his wife who works in a bidding software developer company. He is in a dilemma if this fact should be told to the company who hired him. He is afraid that it might have a negative impact on the company. This effect can hamper the growth of his small business. In Maxs dilemma the Utilitarian approach will be used as it takes into account the resulting outcome. If Max discloses the fact that the selected bid has been written by his wife then it can have drastic impact on his business. As it is a small consulting business, this kind of an outcome can hamper the growth of his business. It needs struggle to attain a positive outcome at the fullest without causing any harm or suffering to the company. In utilitarianism, it is believed that the aim of morality is to improve life by increasing happiness and decreasing unhappiness. So to address Maxs dilemma it can be suggested to him that the fact should be kept hidden until and unless it is hampering the reputation of his company. As the bid has already been submitted, there is a high chance that after knowing the truth, Cyber stuff might reject the bid which will hamper Maxs future business. Ethical analysis using ACS Code of Professional Conduct According to the ACS code of professional conduct, Maxs dilemma can be analyzed as he kept his personal interests before his professional interests. He wanted to keep the truth hidden to the company who has hired him and that is totally unethical. There can be question about honesty which he failed to show in front of Cyber Stuff. There was no transparency in the work that was assigned to him, which should be a major factor in the professional view- point. On the basis of this analysis, Max can be recommended to confess the fact at the time when he was assigned with the task by the Cyber Staff Company. He could have directly told the company that is unable to do the task instead of getting the work done by his wife and keeping it a secret. This would have kept him clear on a professional stand point. If he is given the same kind of task again then he will again be a victim of immoral action. He will take the support of dishonesty which goes against the ACS code of ethics. The two recommendations are in contrast to each other. In the integrated approach, Max was recommended to keep the truth hidden from others for the sake of his company. This could have saved him temporarily but his future of business could be at stake. In this week, the recommendation is made on the basis of ACS code of ethics. Rejecting the offer could have hampered only his present situation but the future of his business could be secured as a result of his honesty. Selecting his wifes bid limited the options which he could have got if he went out in search of other bids as well. Maxs existence in the professional field depends on his professional behavior. If he does not abide by the set rules, it will hamper his business. Planning a written document The five point planning framework that I have used in this assignment is to determine an overall vision. The importance of ethics and morality in personal as well as professional life are elucidated through this assignment. The assignment is done with a purpose to open the window for an individual regarding the norms of the society and how to lead a happy life. To achieve something important in life one must set a goal and objective and work accordingly. The way to decide if the goals are attained or not, one needs to assess his individual performance. When all the four factors are in the grip, it is time to take action thus, completing the circle of five point planning framework. This source has helped to write a report on the topic of professional practice in IT. This article has made it clear what are standards of conduct required to sustain in the IT sector. This study has a combination of interviews conducted in a particular IT sector. This is a new sector and do not necessarily require to be adhered with any particular code of ethics. Interview of the IT professionals who had a copy of the code of ethics showed if it has any impact on their responses. The responses were compared to analyze the outcome. The outcome showed striking similarities between the responses of the groups of interviewees and to the set benchmark as well. Emotionally intelligent communicating Communication skill has a great impact on relationship. By clear and direct use of language many problems, needs and outcome can be addressed. Active listening is the skill which allows an individual to focus on what others are saying and then give an appropriate reply. Assertive communication makes the person aware of their own emotion as well as others, they express those feelings directly and approach collaborative interaction. The practice of speaking in between without listening to the other person should be avoided. This increases the chance of miscommunication and misunderstanding. If one person is not allowed to complete his speech then there might be something incomplete and important missed in it. Reverting back without listening to the important part is considered as bad and unethical in a professional field. Communication skills can be improved by listening and understanding what the other person is trying to say. An empathy for the other person should arise which will satisfy the needs. The feelings should be shared with the partner. Also, to avoid conflict in the individual should pay attention to what he can do in solving the issue. Apologizing also helps in effective communication. Reference Warren, M., Warren, M., Lucas, R., Lucas, R. (2016). Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2), 167-169. Leicester, N. (2016). Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Albee, E. (2014).A history of English utilitarianism(Vol. 1). Routledge. Alon, S., Lehrer, E. (2017). Subjective Utilitarianism: Decisions in a social context. Piacquadio, P. G. (2017). A Fairness Justification of Utilitarianism.Econometrica,85(4), 1261-1276. Rousseau, J. J. (2013). Ethics and deontology in public administration. Sacco, D. F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C. J., Hugenberg, K. (2017). The adaptive utility of deontology: deontological moral decision-making fosters perceptions of trust and likeability.Evolutionary Psychological Science,3(2), 125-132. Reeves, S., Perrier, L., Goldman, J., Freeth, D., Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (update).The Cochrane Library. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2016). Scope of practice in speech-language pathology.